Phenotypic Variation in a Family with Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Explained by Differences in 5α Dihydrotestosterone Availability

Phenotypic diversity in siblings with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome.

The androgen insensitivity syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder with a wide spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities, ranging from complete female to ambiguous forms that more closely resemble males. The primary abnormality is a defective androgen receptor protein due to a mutation of the androgen receptor gene. This prevents normal androgen action and thus leads to impaired virilisation. A point m...

Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome in Three Sisters

Phenotypic variation and detection of carrier status in the partial androgen insensitivity syndrome.

The partial androgen insensitivity syndrome occurs in 46,XY subjects with phenotypes ranging from perineoscrotal hypospadias with cryptorchidism and micropenis (mild undervirilisation) to clitoromegaly and partial labial fusion (marked undervirilisation). Within an affected family, wide variation in the degree of genital ambiguity between individuals can be seen. Two cousins of a previously rep...

Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Presenting with Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the male breast caused by the proliferation of glandular breast tissue. Determining the various causes of gynecomastia such as physiological causes, drugs, systemic diseases, and endocrine disorders is important. Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare endocrine disorder presenting with gynecomastia and is a disorder of male sexual differentiation...

Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: A rare disease

Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a rare disease, manifested as normal female external phenotype to infertile male with 46 XY karyotype due to different level of resistance of androgen receptor. Androgen insensitivy syndrome is classified as complete, partial and mild androgen insensitivity. Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome is further subclassified according to morphogenesis as predomin...